Bsc 3rd year foundation notes pdf download

Bsc 3rd year foundation notes pdf download / Bsc 3rd year foundation Imp questions

Bsc 3rd year English questions 2023

नमस्कार दोस्तों इस पोस्ट में आपको बीएससी तृतीय वर्ष के लिए इंग्लिश सब्जेक्ट के सभी महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न उत्तर देखने को मिलेंगे जो कि आपकी परीक्षा के लिए बहुत ही ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण है यदि आप इन सभी प्रश्नों को याद कर लेते हैं तो आपकी जो है तृतीय वर्ष में काफी अच्छे नंबर आ सकते हैं

Bsc 3rd year foundation paper 2023

जैसा कि आपको पता होगा कि आपकी जो है परीक्षा जल्दी ही प्रारंभ होने वाली है इसीलिए हम इस पोस्ट में आपको ए लिए कुछ इंपोर्टेंट क्वेश्चन लाए हैं जो कि कुछ अनुभवी प्रोफेसरों द्वारा तैयार किए गए हैं यदि आप बीएससी तृतीय वर्ष में काफी अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करना चाहते हैं तो आप इन सभी प्रश्नों को अच्छी तरीके से तैयार कर लें

Bsc 3rd year foundation imp questions

Bsc third year foundation (english) notes pdf download 

बीएससी तृतीय वर्ष फाउंडेशन पेपर 2023

Chapter-1

Stopping by the Woods on a

Snowy Evening (Robert Frost)

Answer the following questions in one sentence each: 

(1) In which year was this poem first published?

Ans. This poem was first published in the year 1923.

(2) What does the poet find in the woods? 

Ans. The poet finds the snow falling in the woods.

(3) Why does the poet stop his horse?

Ans. The poet stops his horse in the woods to enjoy a snowy evening.

(4) Why does the horse think it strange to stop in woods? 

Ans. The horse thinks it queer the stopping of the rider at an unsuitable place amidst snowy night.

(5) Which other sounds are heard in the woods at night? 

Ans. Other than the sound of the horses's bells, the poet hears the sound of the movements of the wind and the sound produced by soft fallen snow flakes.

(6) Who has to keep promises? 

Ans. The poet has to keep the promises. 

(C) Answer the following questions in about 100 words each: 

Q.1. Consider Robert Frost as a Nature poet. 

रॉबर्ट फ्रोस्ट का एक प्रकृति के कवि के रूप में वर्णन कीजिये।

Ans. Robert Lee Frost is one of the most popular and most honoured American poets. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. He is regarded as one of the major lyric poets of American literature. He is also considered as a great philosopher and thinker. His poems are often pastoral and deal with rural life. Symbolism, regionalism, spirit of democracy, love for nature and love for man are main characteristics of his poetry. Images like woods, stars, horse, and brooks are taken from everyday life and used beautifully by him to express life's philosophy in an emotional manner.

Q.2. In 'Stopping by Woods' the speaker hesitates en route. Give reasons.

प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि रास्ते में कुछ संकोच महसूस करता है, कारण लिखिये। 

Ans. On a dark winter evening, the narrator stops his sleigh to watch the snow falling in the woods. At first he worries that the owner of the property will be upset by his presence, but then he remembers that the owner lives in town, and he is free to enjoy the beauty of the falling snow. The sleigh horse is also confused by his master's behaviour for stopping far away from any farmhouse and shakes, his hamess bells in impatience. At the end, the poet reminds himself that, despite the loveliness of the view, he has some duties to fulfil.

Q.3. Explain the concluding four lines of the poem. 

प्रस्तुत कविता की अंतिम चार पंक्तियों की व्याख्या कीजिये।

Ans. The concluding lines are:

The woods are lovely dark and deep 

But I have promises to keep.

And miles to go before I sleep

And miles to go before I sleep.

Reference to the context: These lines are the concluding lines of the poem 'Stopping by woods on a Snowy Evening'. written by Robert Frost. The poem with a concrete situation arising from the ordinary life of an ordinary man but moves on to a philosophic speculation about the relation between the call of beauty and the call of duty.

Explanation: The rider is attracted towards the lovely beauty of nature, but he is suddenly remined of his solemn promise to reach the destination. Hence he gives up the idea to take rest in the woods because he has to cover a long distance in order to fulfill his promises. These lines have philosophical significance that a men should perform his duties before his death.

Q.4. Give the summary of the poem. 

प्रस्तुत कविता का सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखिये।

Ans. On a dark winter evening, the narrator stops his sleigh to watch the snow falling in the woods. At first he worries that the owner of the property will be upset by his presence, but then he remembers that the owner lives in town, and he is free to enjoy the beauty of the falling snow. The sleigh horse is confused by his master's behaviour for stopping far away from any farmhouse and shakes his hamess bells in impatience.

There is still an overwhelming sense of the narrator's unavoidable responsibilities. He would prefer to watch the snow falling in the woods, even with his horse's impatience, but he has promises to keep, obligations that he cannot ignore even if he wants to. After a few more moments, the narrator reluctantly continues on his way. It is unclear what these specific obligations are, but Frost does suggest that the narrator is particularly attracted to the woods because there is not a farmhouse near. He is able to enjoy complete isolation. The poet gives the message of continuity of work in life. He is of the opinion that life is a joumey where a person has to perform many duties and has to fulfil many obligations before one's death. He urges not be allured by earthly pleasures and beauties while marching on to achieve the target.

Q.5. Consider 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' as a pastoral poem.

प्रस्तुत कविता का एक ग्राम्य, रमणीय कविता के रूप में वर्णन कीजिये। 

Ans. The poet Robert Frost is a Nature poet and deals with rural life. His love for nature and love for man are main characteristics of his poetry. Images like woods, stars, horse, and brooks are taken from everyday life and used beautifully by him to express life's philosophy in an emotional manner. The text of the poem also describes the thoughts of a lone rider, pausing at night in his travel to watch snow falling in the woods. In the poem, images like woods, snow, horse, wind and bells make 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' a pastoral poem.

Q.6. Write a brief note on the obligations the narrator has to fulfil.

"कवि को जो वादे निभाने हैं, उन्हें संक्षेप में लिखिये।

Ans. The poem ends with the poet reminding himself that, despite the loveliness of the view, he has some duties to fulfil. He is of the opinion that life is a journey where a person has to perform many duties and has to fulfil many obligations before one's death. He urges not be allured by earthly pleasures and beauties while marching on to achieve the target. The poet means that he should perform some good deeds in the world before passing away or meeting death.

Q.7. Give the rhyme scheme of the poem. 

कविता की तुकबन्दी योजना समझाइये।

Ans. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. Each verse (except the last stanza) follows an a-a-b-a rhyming scheme, with the following verse's a's rhyming with that verse's b, which is a chain rhyme, the rhyme scheme is AABA-BBCB-CCDC-DDDD.

Q.8 Describe briefly the symbolic significance of the poem.

प्रस्तुत कविता का प्रतीकात्मक महत्व संक्षेप में लिखिये।

Ans. Outwardly the poem is about a horse rider who stops in a wood during snowy evening to see the beauty of nature. The forest where he stops is lonely, dark and deep. But soon he remembers about the promise which he has to keep. He is to go long before he sleeps. As such there is no time for him to enjoy the scenery of nature. The meaning here suggested is that all is above all. One should think to enjoy beauty only when he has fulfilled his promises. It means that persons should do their duties before he meets the etemal sleep i.e. death.

Chapter-2

The Cherry Tree (Ruskin Bond)

Answer the following questions in one sentence each: 

(1) What is the miracle in the story? 

Ans. The appearance of fruit on the cherry tree is the miracle in the story. 

(2) Where does Ruskin Bond reside now?

Ans. Ruskin Bond resides with his adopted family in Mussoorie now.

(3) Why was the cherry tree so special? 

Ans. The seeds of the cherry tree were planted by the small boy Raki and his grandfather in the story. Thus it was so special. 

(4) What did Raki find one spring morning? 

Ans. One spring morning, Raki found a small twig in the garden and

found it rooted.

(5) Mention two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cherry tree. 

Ans. When he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cherry tree, he could see the mountain striding away into the clouds and the evening shadows crept across the garden.

(C) Answer the following questions in about 100 words:

Q.1. Summarise the story of Cherry tree. a

'चैरी ट्री' कहानी का सारांश लिखिये।

Ans. When Raki was a boy of six, he walked home eating cherries. They were little sweet and little sour but small and red, which had come from Kashmir valley. Such trees producing Cherries were not found in the locality of Raki. When Raki reached his cottage, there were only three cherries left with him. He gave one to his grand father and ate the remaining two. He asked his grandfather about the cherries. His grand father told him that every thing is lucky if they are planted. This made Raki to plant the cherry seed to have more Cherries.

Raki planted cherry seed in the ground where it was soft and yielding. One spring moming he found the plant shooting up a little. When the plant was a half a metre high, a goat entered the garden and ate up the leaves leaving a stem only. After the end of rainy season, new leaves appeared. Unfortunately a woman, while cutting grass, chopped the young tree

again. But fortunately, it remained a half. As the cherry tree did not like to die it sprouted again. Now it had many shoots. One day Raki found a hairy caterpillar on the tree which ate up leaves as meals. Raki picked it up. and threw it away on a wall. In due course of time, the tree grew much and reached equal to the height of Raki. Now it was blossoming too and produced some sour cherries to be riped in future. 

Q.2. Sketch the character of Raki as given in the cherry tree.

कहानी के अनुसार राकी के चरित्र का चित्रण कीजिये। 

Ans. Raki was a small, loving, caring and innocent boy. He had great love and affection for his grandfather. He loved sharing his fruits with grandfather. His grand father told him that every thing is lucky if they are planted. This made Raki to plant the cherry seed to have more cherries. This shows his loving nature. The way he took care of self-planted cherry tree shows his love for Nature. In due course of time, the tree sprouted into a full fledged tree producing Cherries. When Raki touched the tree, he felt that it was like God itself. This signifies his innocence, 

Q.3. Do you find the message of love in the story? Explain.

प्रस्तुत कहानी में क्या आपको कोई प्रेम संदेश मिलता है? समझाइये। 

Ans. Once a small boy Raki planted a cherry seed which in due course of time sprouted into a full fledged tree producing Cherries. When Raki touched the tree, he felt that it was like God itself. Thus the cherries succeeded in carrying a profound message of love and care, as it was only due to love and care. The tree grew and blossomed with cherry fruits.

Q.4. Consider the 'Cherry Tree' as a philosophical story. 

"चैरी ट्री' कहानी का दार्शनिक कथा के रूप में वर्णन कीजिये।

Ans. The Cherry Tree is a beautiful short story that follows the growth of a cherry tree. The seeds of this tree were planted by a small boy in the story. The story narrates the destruction of the tree and the act of patience and endurance inculcated in child by his grandfather. The boy is rewarded as he finally gets his sweet cherries. The story has a message of love. The last line of the story reveals the philosophy of life.

Q.5. Describe briefly Ruskin Bond as short story teller. रस्किन बांड का लघु कहानीकार के रूप में संक्षिप्त वर्णन कीजिये।

Ans. Ruskin Bond is a well-known writer of fiction and a renowned children's writer. His books can be read by everybody; children, adults, teens, etc. As an extraordinary writer, he blends fiction with reality and writes books that are enchanting. In the course of a writing career spanning more than thirty-five years, he has written over a hundred short stories, essays, novels and thirty odd novels for children. By way of innumerable novels, essays, short stories and poems, he has mapped out a unique literary landscape, Ruskin Bond is an ardent lover of nature and animals. This is evident from many of his stories and poems, like Cherry Tree, Song of the Whistling Thrush, Visitors from the Forest, and so on. He narrated the life in the villages, life in mountains, children's fantasies, nature, animals, etc.

Q.6. What difficulties did the cherry tree face in growing up? 

चैरी ट्री को विकसित होते हुए कौनसी कठिनाईयों का सामना करना पड़ा?

Ans. When the cherry plant was a half a metre high, a goat entered the garden and ate up the leaves leaving a stem only. After the end of rainy season, new leaves appeared. Unfortunately a woman, while cutting grass, chopped the young tree again. But fortunately, it remained a half As the cherry tree did not like to die it sprouted again. Now it had many shoots. One day Raki found a hairy caterpillar on the tree which ate up leaves as meals. Raki picked it up and threw it away on a wall. Finally it was blossoming and produced some sour cherries to be riped in future. Thus, the cherry tree faced many ups and downs in growing up.

Chapter-3

THE AXE 

(R.K.Narayan)

(1) Answer the following questions in one sentence each: 

(i) What was the prediction of an astrologer about Velan? 

Ans. The astrologer predicted that Velan will live in a three storeyed building surrounded by a big garden. 

(ii) Why did Velan leave home?

Ans. The immediate cause of Velan's leaving his father's house was a slap which his father gave to Velan one day on being late. So when Velan was only eighteen years old he left his home. 

(iii) Where did Velan arrive after starving for a couple of days? 

Ans. After starving for a couple of days, Velan arrived at the town of Malgudi. 

(iv) What work was assigned to Velan by the old man?

Ans. Velan was assigned the work of a gardener and his duty was to wipe out the weeds and unwanted plants and vegetation. 

(v) Name some of the summer flowers that grew in the garden. 

Ans. Velan grew the flowers of Hibiscus, Chrysanthemum. Jasmine, roses and canna in the front part of the Kumar Baugh.

(vi) Why was Velan proud of his position? 

Ans. Velan became the chief gardener when the man who brought him to work fell ill. So he was proud of his position. 

(vii) What was the state of house after a few years?

Ans. After a few years, the house acquired mellowness in its appearance.

(viii) What did Velan ask the tree cutters in the end? 

Ans. Velan screamed from a distance, Don't cut it yet. I am still within a hearing distance. Please wait till I am gone farther. 

(2) Answer the following questions in about hundred words:

(a) Describe the status of Velan's family in the village. 

गाँव में वेतन के परिवार की सामाजिक स्थिति का वर्णन कीजिये।

Ans. Velan was bom in the ragged and godforsaken family of Koppal Narayan has introduced Koppal as a closeby village of Malgudi. Velan's father had mortgaged everything of his property and so the whole family had to work on the fields of others. The income of Velan's father was hardly some annas a week. 2020 

(b) What work did Velan do after being employed by the old man?

वृद्ध व्यक्ति द्वारा नियुक्त किये जाने के पश्चात् वेतन को क्या कार्य करना पड़ता था?

Ans. Velan arrived at the town of Malgudi. His main business as a gardener was to wipe out the weeds and unwanted plants and vegetation. He uprooted the unwanted plants and vegetation by his hands and thus cleared the ground. Velan grew the flowers of Hibiscus, Chrysanthemum. Jasmine, roses and canna in the front part of the Kumar Baugh.

(c) What kind of garden did Velan present to his master and his family? 

बेलन ने अपने मालिक तथा उसके परिवार के समक्ष किस प्रकार का बगीचा प्रस्तुत किया? Ans. After started working as a gardener Velan worked industriously, clearing acres of weed, marking out an extensive garden and then planting the seeds. By the time the house came up and Velan, as the chief gardener, presented a big and beautiful garden to his master and his family.

(d) What thoughts came to his mind when Velan compared his present place with his village? 

अपने वर्तमान स्थान से अपने गाँव की तुलना करते समय बेलन के मन में क्या विचार आये?

Ans. Velan thought that such a grand building could only be in the heaven. Velan thought that the dining room of the mansion was so big that all the men of his village could have been accommodated there. 

(e) What is the importance of 'margosa tree' in the story?

प्रस्तुत कहानी में नीम के वृक्ष का क्या महत्व बताया गया है?

Ans. Margosa' tree had been planted years ago by Velan and he looked after it as his own child. When the house was sold to a builder, the builder's assistant thought the building as an ordinary one because he had made many other grand and costly buildings in the past. When the margosa tree grew large, the house behind it acquired mellowness in its appearance. The workers began to cut down this tree, Velan requested them not to do so as long as he was there. Once he had left and couldn't hear the sound of the axe they might resume with their work. The story ends with Velan screaming from a distance- 'Don't cut it yet. I am still within a hearing distance. Please wait till I am gone farther." 

(f) What message does Narayan convey through his story?

प्रस्तुत कहानी के माध्यम से नारायण क्या संदेश देना चाहते हैं? 

Ans. Narayan's story which puts forward a strong case for forest conservation, is also a very subtle observations on what may withstand the force of time. While the man-made wonder (the house of the owners) loses all of its beauty, allure against the force of time, the only thing enduring it growing stronger and bigger is the garden which has turned into a shelter for thousands of birds. Narayan has probably answered a very big question to which many have tried finding a solution to. The title The Axe' is important as towards the end of the story the axe represents not only 'the economic progress' but also our own death knell.

Chapter-4

THE SELFISH GIANT

(Oscar Wilde)

Answer the questions:

Q.1. Write down the summary of The Selfish Giant' by Oscar Wilde. 

ऑस्कर विलड़े द्वारा लिखित प्रस्तुत लघु कहानी का सारांश लिखिये। 

Ans. The story it is about a selfish giant which has a very beautiful garden. Every aftemoon the children used to play in the giant's garden because the giant stayed with a friend for seven years. When the Giant came back he saw the children playing in his garden, the Giant got angry and threw them away. He didn't allow anybody to play in his garden. So he built a high wall around it and he put a notice-board. The spring came and only in the giant's garden it was winter. The spring never came, nor did the summer come in the giant garden.

        One moming the Giant was lying awake in bed until he heard some lovely music. It was a bird singing and then the spring came, And the spring came because the children through a hole in the wall and the children crept in. The giant understood that he was selfish and that was the reason why the spring didn't come. When he saw a poor little boy crying and wanted to climb up on a tree. Then the giant put the poor little boy on the top of the tree. The giant knocked the wall and the giant garden was the children playground. 

           The giant was really sorry for what he had done. When the children saw him they were so frightened that they ran away but, the little boy didnt ran away. The children came back and played with the children and in the evening they came to say good-bye to the giant. The giant loved the little boy since he kissed him. The Giant ask the children/if they could tell the little boy to come tomorrow but the children had never seen the boy before and the giant felt very sad. Every aftemoon the children played with the Giant. But the little boy was never seen. The Giant grew old and he couldnt play so, he watched the children playing.

One day, the giant found the little boy. On the palms of the childs hands it was sign of two nails. And it was sign of two nails on the little childs feet. And the child said: You let me play once in your garden, now you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise. Then they found the Giant lying dead under the tree, all covered with the white blossom. Giant"?

Q.2. What is the theme of short story "The Selfish Giant" 

प्रस्तुत लघु कहानी की विषय-वस्तु क्या है?

Ans. Oscar Wilde's short story "The Selfish Giant" conveys the notion that anyone can achieve etemal peace through kindness and love. 

Q.3. Why is the giant angry with the children? दैत्य बच्चों से नाराज क्यों था?

Ans. In the story, a group of children regularly visits a giant's "lovely garden, with soft green grass" while the giant is away visiting the Comish ogre. Upon his return, the giant realizes that the children have been using his garden as a playground, and he gets so angry with them that he decides to build a wall around the garden to prevent them from entering.

Q.4. What has happened during spring season? 

कहानी के अनुसार, वसंत ऋतु में क्या घटित हुआ?

Ans. Something curious happens, while the landscape around the garden goes through its normal cycle of the seasons, the garden remains in an eternal state of winter. The Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children, and the trees forgot to blossom. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost.

Q.5. What does the giant eventually realize? 

दैत्य ने अंत में क्या महसूस किया?

Ans. The giant eventually realizes that it was a mistake to build the wall and prevent the children from entering the garden, because when they sneak through a hole in the wall, the giant realizes that the garden is only alive when children play in it.

Q.6. 'In every tree that he could see there was a little child'. What does it mean? प्रत्येक वृक्ष पर जहाँ भी देखो एक नन्हा बालक था, इस पंक्ति का क्या आशय है?

Ans. The trees were so glad to have the children back again that they had covered themselves with blossoms, and were waving their arms gently above the children's heads. The birds were flying about and twittering with delight, and the flowers were looking up through the green grass and loughing 

Q.7. What is the significance of garden in this short story? 

प्रस्तुत लघु कहानी में बगीचे का क्या महत्व है?

Ans. The garden symbolizes the soul that only thrives when the heart is open and welcoming to others. Significantly, the giant also helps a small, crying boy climb on a tree. That tree too begins to bloom, and the giant is filled with joy. The giant later looks for the boy among the children but he does not see him until many years later, when the boy reappears in the garden. The boy has wounds on his hands and feet, which puzzles the giant.

Q. 8. To whom the little boy has been compared with? कहानी में नन्हें बालक की तुलना किससे की गई है?

Ans. The last passage cited suggests that the child was in fact Christ. By helping him climb the tree when he was crying, the giant accepted his love and kindness into his life. By doing so, the giant secured his own salvation and eternal peace.

Chapter-5

ON THE RULE OF ROAD

(A.G.Gardiner)

Q.1. Answer the questions given below in one complete sentence each:

(i) What is meant by the rule of the road?

सड़क के नियम का क्या अर्थ (मतलब है?

Ans. The rule of the road simply means that if you want that all should use their liberty, it is very essential to curtail their own liberty otherwise there will be chaos. 

सड़क के नियम का साधारण रूप में अर्थ है कि यदि सभी अपनी स्वतंत्रता का उपयोग करना चाहते हैं तो आपको अपनी स्वतंत्रता को कम करना पड़ेगा अन्यथा गड़बड़ हो जायेगी।

(ii) Why is it essential to observe the rules of the road? 

सड़क के नियम का पालन करना क्यों आवश्यक है?

Ans. By observing the rules of the road all can enjoy their liberty without coming in the way of others. In this way roads can be made safe for all. 

सड़क के नियम का पालन इसलिए करते हैं ताकि सभी अपनी स्वतंत्रता का उपयोग कर सकें। इस प्रकार सड़क सभी के लिए सुरक्षित रहेगी। 

(iii) Why should we respect the rights of the small people?

छोटे लोगों के अधिकार का क्यों आदर करना चाहिये?

Ans. We should respect the rights of small people which is very important as the rights of small nationalilies. 

हमें छोटे लोगों के अधिकार का उसी प्रकार आदर करना चाहिये जैसा कि छोटी राष्ट्रीयता के संबंध में किया जाता है। 

(iv) What does the author mean observance of the rule of the road, we pass judgment upon ourselves? 

लेखक का यह कहने का क्या अभिप्राय है कि सड़क के नियम का पालन करने पर हम अपने ऊपर निर्णय देते हैं? 

Ans. By the observance of the rule of the road we pass judgment on ourselves that we are civilized or not.

सड़क के नियम के पालन करने पर हम अपने आप पर निर्णय आरोपित करते हैं कि हम सभ्य हैं या नहीं।

(v) Why does the author criticize the motorist with the 'aggressive, bullying horn ?

लेखक क्यों मोटर वाले के तेज होने की आलोचना करता है?

Ans. When some motorist gives a delibrate, aggressive bullying hom. The author feels like the aggression of Germany on Belgium. जब कोई मोटर वाला जोर से जानबूझ कर तेज होर्न बजाता है तो लेखक को वह ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि शक्तिशाली जर्मनी ने बेल्जियम पर आक्रमण कर दिया है।

(vi) What is the social sense? 

सामाजिक चेतना क्या है? 

Ans. When we follow the rules of a society we are supposed to have social sense where liberty can be enjoyed without creating trouble for others. 

Q.2. Answer the following questions in about hundred words;

(i) Write an essay on Gardiner's views on liberty. 

(गार्डिनर के स्वतंत्रताबाबत विचारों पर एक निबंध लिखिये।)

Ans. According to Gardiner, individual freedom is not unlimited and thus one can not do according to one's wish. Liberty is conditional and can be enjoyed in restrain. While enjoying personal liberty, one should be conscious to the rights of others and thus should not try to overstep the boundary of the rights of others. In this way a little curtailment of liberty is essential. Hence Individual liberty and social liberty should work in conjunction. If all people try to enjoy their liberty without considering the liberties of others, there will be social anarchy and chaos in the social order. 

(ii) What will happen if the policemen at the busy crossing do not interfere with the individual liberty of crossing the road at will? (क्या होगा 'यदि पुलिस का आदमी व्यस्त चौराहे पर उन लोगों की स्वतंत्रता जो सड़क पार अपनी मर्जी के मुताबिक कर रहे हो' में हस्तक्षेप न करे

Ans. If the policemen do not interfere with the individual liberty while crossing the road there will be chaos and no one would be able to cross the road. Hence his signal must be followed to avoid accidents and proper movement for all. He simply maintains a social order which enables liberty for all in reality.

(iii)What is liberty according to A.G. Gardiner? How can you be free to do as you like? 

(ए.जी. गार्डनर के अनुसार स्वतंत्रता क्या है? आप अपनी इच्छानुसार कहाँ तक स्वतंत्र रहने में सहमत हैं?) 

Ans. Liberty generally means freedom to do according to one's desire, but it is not so because liberty is not a personal affair but a social contract. Hence liberty can be enjoyed without coming in the way of liberty of others. In certain respects, a man is free to do or according to his wish or whim. Such as marrying a woman, your wearing of dress and to play upon a musical instrument slowly. There is a wide kingdom in which a man is free to enjoy his freedom but at every moment he should keep in mind that he is coming in the way of the freedom of others. In fact if all begin to enjoy their freedom at will there will be social anarchy.

(iv) "Liberty is not personal affair only, but a social contract". Elucidate. 

('स्वतंत्रता एक व्यक्तिगत कार्य ही नहीं है बल्कि यह एक सामाजिक अनुबंध भी है।' व्याख्या कीजिये।)

Ans. According is Gardiner, liberty is not a personal affair but a social contract because a man can enjoy his liberty in reality only if he cares for the liberty of others. Thus a man cannot do according to his wishes as if all people start enjoying liberty without caring for the liberties of others, there will chaos and anarchy and thus, no one can enjoy his/her liberty. If you want to enjoy your liberty it is very essential that you should curtail your liberty to maintain social order. Hence it is truely said that liberty is not a personal affair but social contract.

(v) Why is it necessary to possess social sense? 

(सामाजिक चेतना (ध्यान) रखना क्यों आवश्यक है ?)

Ans. As a man cannot live in isolation, he lives in a society. In a society all are equal and no one is particular. If you want to run your life peacefully, you will have to adjust with other beings. If all do according to their whims and wishes, there will be anarchy and chaos which will create trouble to all. Hence social sense must be there in every man because then and then he can enjoy his liberty.

(vi) Write a note on Gardiner's style. 

(गार्डनर की शैली पर एक टिप्पणी लिखिये।)

Ans. Gardiner's style has several characteristics which has made him dear to his readers. His essays are highly appealing and readable. His style is simple, economical, conversational, anecdotol and allusive. His style reflects his personality also. He conveys his views effectively and convincingly. Due to his virtue of prose style he raised the level of joumalism to label of literature. His style has given enduring charm to his essays which has raised him to a higher rank amongst the essayists of English. His essays, due to his style has given him a prominent place in the 20th century essayist of English language.

Chapter-6

A SONG OF KABIR

Translated by (Rabindra Nath Tagore)

Q.1. Which of the following statements given below are true or false. (नीचे दिये गये कथनों में से कौन से सत्य तथा असत्य हैं ?)

(1) It is must to know the caste of a saint.

एक संत की जाति मालूम करना जरूरी है।

(False)

(2) The poet points to thirty six castes. कवि छत्तीस जातियों की ओर इंगित करता है।

(True)

(3) The washerwoman has not sought God. धोबी की स्त्री ने ईश्वर को नहीं प्राप्त किया।

(False)

(4) The ends of Hindus and Muslims stands similar. हिन्दुओं और मुसलमानों के उद्देश्य समान है।

(True)

 (5) The Rishi Swapacha was a tanner by caste

ऋषि स्वपच चर्मकार जाति के थे। 

(True)

Q.2. Answer in short, the questions given below using your own words as far as possible. (नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में जहाँ तक संभव हो अपने शब्दों में दीजिये।)

(1)Why does the poet consider it needless to ask the caste of a saint? 

कवि साधु की जाति का विचार करना क्यों अनावश्यक मानता है ? 

Ans. As all saints are seekers of God, it is unnecessary to consider the Caste of a saint. क्योंकि सभी साधु ईश्वर की खोज में होते हैं, अतः उनकी जाति का विचार करना अनावश्यक है।

(2) What is meant by 'Seekers of God"? 

'ईश्वर की खोज करने वालों' से क्या तात्पर्य है ?

Ans. Seekers of God means the true devotees of God who devote their whole lives in service of God. 

"ईश्वर की खोज करने वालों का अर्थ है-ईश्वर के सच्चे भक्त, जो अपना जीवन ईश्वर की सेवा में लगा देते हैं।

(3) Who was Rishi Swapacha by caste? 

ऋषि स्वपच किस जाति के थे ? 

Ans. Rishi Swapacha was a tanner by Caste.

ऋषि स्वपच जाति के चर्मकार थे। 

(4) What is common in Hindus and Muslims?

हिन्दुओं तथा मुसलमानों में क्या समान है ?

Ans. Both are the seekers of God as their ends are the same. 

दोनों ही ईश्वर की खोज करने वाले हैं?

(3) What is the message of the poem? 

कविता का क्या सन्देश है? 

Ans. Saints can be of any caste, hence asking for their caste is all useless, as they are true devotees of God. 

साधु किसी भी जाति के हो अतः उनकी जाति बावत पूछना व्यर्थ है क्योंकि वे सभी ईश्वर के भक्त हैं।